You certianly appear to have not understood the policy you were taking out despite the fact that you will have received policy documents from the provider which is your obligation to read and understand and while I do agree that the broker should have given some insight they cannot go through each and every single object you own and define what covers them.
The basic rule of thumb I have always gone by and explained to my clients is:
Anything that is plumbed into the house such as cookers, bathrooms, washing machines etc are considered to be part of the building. Anything that is not integrally attached to the property such as a fridge, your television, your ming vases are contents.
The easiest way to define contents is that excluding the fact that some things are plugged in - if you turn your house upside down and take the roof off then anything that falls out is covered by contents insurance. Anything that can't fall out as it is plumbed into the house is covered by buildings insurance
So far as being away from home.
Yes, anything in or part of the house is covered under a normal policy if you are not present but depending on the policy that you hold it may be the case that certain personal possessions that you carry with you and may lose, have stolen, damaged or destroyed while you are away from home would not be covered. You would need to check your policy, which in my opinion is what you should have done in the first instance to understand that you are not claiming on your contents insurance for your cooker but you buildings insurance....it should still be covered